added depth buffer and successfully used it in raymarcher

Makefile

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ SHADER_DIR  := shaders
 BUILD_DIR   := build
 
 CXX         := g++
-CXXFLAGS    := -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-function
+CXXFLAGS    := -g -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-function
 LDFLAGS     := -lSDL3
 
 GLSLC       := glslc

flake.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "flake-utils": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "systems": "systems"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1731533236,
+        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1776169885,
+        "narHash": "sha256-l/iNYDZ4bGOAFQY2q8y5OAfBBtrDAaPuRQqWaFHVRXM=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "4bd9165a9165d7b5e33ae57f3eecbcb28fb231c9",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+      }
+    },
+    "systems": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1681028828,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}

shaders/blit.frag

@@ -3,18 +3,22 @@
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_color;
 layout(set = 2, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D screen;
+layout(set = 2, binding = 1) uniform sampler2D depth_tex;
 
 layout(std140, set = 3, binding = 0) uniform UniformBlock {
-  mat4 model;
+  mat4  model;
-  mat4 view;
+  mat4  view;
-  mat4 projection;
+  mat4  projection;
-  float time;
+  mat4  inv_view;
+  mat4  inv_projection;
+  vec4 time_padded;
+  vec4  cam_pos;
 };
 
-
 float road(float x) { return cos(x); }
 
 vec3 backup(vec2 uv) {
+  float time = time_padded.x;
   float x_scale = time * 12.0;
   float y_scale = uv.x;
 
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ const int MAX_MARCH_STEPS = 64;
 const float EPS_DIST = 1e-6;
 
 float sdf(vec3 point) {
-//  return length(point - vec3(6.0 * sin(time), 8.0*abs(sin(time * 0.7)*cos(time)), 5.0 * cos(time * 1.2))) - 0.4;
+  float time = time_padded.x;
   float size = 8.0 + (3.0* sin(time));
   vec3 s1_local = mod(point, vec3(size)) - vec3(size/2.0);
   float s1 = length(s1_local) - 0.3;
@@ -54,14 +58,15 @@ vec3 getnormal(vec3 p) {
 
 
 
-vec4 march(vec3 point, vec3 ray) {
+vec4 march(vec3 point, vec3 ray, float max_depth) {
-  float MAX_DEPTH = texture(screen, uv).w * 1000.0;
   float totaldist = 0.0;
 
   int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MARCH_STEPS && totaldist < MAX_DEPTH; i += 1) {
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MARCH_STEPS && totaldist < max_depth; i += 1) {
     float h = sdf(point);
     point += h * ray;
+    if (h + totaldist > max_depth)
+      break;
     if (h < EPS_DIST) {
       return vec4(point, totaldist + h);
     }
@@ -75,36 +80,37 @@ vec4 march(vec3 point, vec3 ray) {
 vec3 camray() {
   vec2 ndc = uv * 2.0 - 1.0;
   ndc.y = -ndc.y;
-  vec4 clip = vec4(ndc, 1.0, 1.0);
+  vec4 view_pos = inv_projection * vec4(ndc, 1.0, 1.0);
-  vec4 view_pos = inverse(projection) * clip;
   view_pos /= view_pos.w;
-
+  return normalize((inv_view * vec4(normalize(view_pos.xyz), 0.0)).xyz);
-  vec3 ray_dir_view = normalize(view_pos.xyz);
-
-  vec3 ray_dir_world = normalize((inverse(view) * vec4(ray_dir_view, 0.0)).xyz);
-
-  return ray_dir_world;
 }
 
-vec3 camorigin() { return (inverse(view) * vec4(0, 0, 0, 1)).xyz; }
+vec4 kernel(float max_depth) {
-
+  max_depth = (max_depth > 0.0)? max_depth : 1000.0;
-vec4 kernel() {
-  vec3 cam_pos = camorigin();
   vec3 cam_ray = camray();
 
-  return march(cam_pos, cam_ray);
+  return march(cam_pos.xyz, cam_ray, max_depth);
 }
 
 float t(float x, float y) { return length(texture(screen, vec2(x, y)).xyz); }
 
-void main() {
+float linearize_depth(vec2 uv) {
+  float d = texture(depth_tex, uv).r;
+  if (d >= 1.0) return 1000.0; // nothing written
+  vec4 ndc = vec4((uv * 2.0 - 1.0), d * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0);
+  vec4 view_pos = inv_projection * ndc;
+  view_pos /= view_pos.w;
+  return -view_pos.z; // view space, positive distance
+}
 
+void main() {
   vec2 bg = (projection * view * vec4(uv, 1.0, 1.0)).xy;
   vec3 b = backup(bg);
-  vec4 hit = kernel();
+  float max_depth = linearize_depth(uv);
-  if (hit.w > 0.0 && ((t(uv.x, uv.y) < 0.01) || (hit.w < (texture(screen, uv).w * 1000.0)))) {
+  vec4 hit = kernel(max_depth);
+  if (hit.w > 0.0) {
     out_color = vec4(getnormal(hit.xyz), 1.0);
   } else {
     out_color = texture(screen, uv);
   }
-}
+}

shaders/post.frag

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ layout(std140, set = 3, binding = 0) uniform UniformBlock {
   mat4  model;
   mat4  view;
   mat4  projection;
-  float time;
+  mat4  inv_view;
+  mat4  inv_projection;
+  vec4 time_padded;
+  vec4  cam_pos;
 };
 
 float t(float x, float y) { return length(texture(screen, vec2(x, y)).xyz); }

shaders/scene.vert

@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ layout(location = 1) out float depth;
 layout(location = 2) out vec3 v_normal_vs;  // view-space normal
 
 layout(std140, set = 1, binding = 0) uniform UniformBlock {
-    mat4 model;
+  mat4  model;
-    mat4 view;
+  mat4  view;
-    mat4 projection;
+  mat4  projection;
-    float time;
+  mat4  inv_view;
+  mat4  inv_projection;
+  vec4 time_padded;
+  vec4  cam_pos;
 };
 
 void main() {

src/camera.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ void Camera::update() {
   vec3 d     = dir();
   vec3 right = normalize(cross(d, up));
   target = pos + d;
-  float shift_speed = shifted? 10.0 : 1.0;
+
+  float shift_speed = shifted? 100.0 : 1.0;
   float speed = move_speed * shift_speed;
 
   if (move_forward)  { pos += d     * speed; target += d     * speed; }
@@ -56,10 +57,15 @@ void Camera::on_mouse_motion(float dx, float dy) {
 }
 
 CameraUBO Camera::ubo(float aspect) const {
+  mat4 v = lookAt(pos, target, up);
+  mat4 p = perspective(radians(fov), aspect, 0.01f, 1000.0f);
   return CameraUBO {
-    .model = mat4(1.0f),
+    .model     = mat4(1.0f),
-    .view  = lookAt(pos, target, up),
+    .view      = v,
-    .proj  = perspective(radians(fov), aspect, 0.01f, 1000.0f),
+    .proj      = p,
-    .time  = (float)SDL_GetTicks() / 1000.0f,
+    .inv_view  = inverse(v),
+    .inv_proj  = inverse(p),
+    .time      = vec4((float)SDL_GetTicks() / 1000.0f, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    .cam_pos   = vec4(pos, 1.0),
   };
-}
+}

src/pipelines.cpp

@@ -48,9 +48,16 @@ void ScenePipeline::create(SDL_GPUDevice* dev, SDL_Window* win) {
       .cull_mode  = SDL_GPU_CULLMODE_NONE,
       .front_face = SDL_GPU_FRONTFACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
     },
+    .depth_stencil_state = {
+      .compare_op = SDL_GPU_COMPAREOP_LESS,
+      .enable_depth_test = true,
+      .enable_depth_write = true,
+    },
     .target_info = {
       .color_target_descriptions = &color_tgt,
       .num_color_targets         = 1,
+      .depth_stencil_format      = SDL_GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_D32_FLOAT,
+      .has_depth_stencil_target  = true,
     },
   };
 
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ void ScenePipeline::destroy(SDL_GPUDevice* dev) {
 
 void BlitPipeline::create(SDL_GPUDevice* dev, SDL_Window* win) {
   vert = load_shader(dev, "shaders/blit.vert.spv", SDL_GPU_SHADERSTAGE_VERTEX,   0, 0);
-  frag = load_shader(dev, "shaders/blit.frag.spv", SDL_GPU_SHADERSTAGE_FRAGMENT, 1, 1);
+  frag = load_shader(dev, "shaders/blit.frag.spv", SDL_GPU_SHADERSTAGE_FRAGMENT, 2, 1);
 
   SDL_GPUColorTargetDescription color_tgt {
     .format = SDL_GetGPUSwapchainTextureFormat(dev, win),

src/renderer.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,18 @@ bool Renderer::init(SDL_Window* w) {
   load_obj();
 
   render_sampler = create_linear_sampler(dev);
+  SDL_GPUSamplerCreateInfo depth_sampler_info {
+    .min_filter    = SDL_GPU_FILTER_NEAREST,
+    .mag_filter    = SDL_GPU_FILTER_NEAREST,
+    .mipmap_mode   = SDL_GPU_SAMPLERMIPMAPMODE_NEAREST,
+    .address_mode_u = SDL_GPU_SAMPLERADDRESSMODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+    .address_mode_v = SDL_GPU_SAMPLERADDRESSMODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+    .compare_op    = SDL_GPU_COMPAREOP_INVALID,
+    .enable_compare = false,
+  };
+  depth_sampler = SDL_CreateGPUSampler(dev, &depth_sampler_info);
+  
+  
   resize_render_texture(960, 540);
 
   scene.create(dev, win);
@@ -25,10 +37,11 @@ bool Renderer::init(SDL_Window* w) {
 }
 
 void Renderer::destroy() {
-  if (render_tex)    SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, render_tex);
+  if (render_tex)     SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, render_tex);
-  if (post_tex)      SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, post_tex);
+  if (post_tex)       SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, post_tex);
   if (render_sampler) SDL_ReleaseGPUSampler(dev, render_sampler);
-  if (vert_buff)     SDL_ReleaseGPUBuffer(dev, vert_buff);
+  if (vert_buff)      SDL_ReleaseGPUBuffer(dev, vert_buff);
+  if (depth_tex)      SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, depth_tex);
   scene.destroy(dev);
   blit.destroy(dev);
   post.destroy(dev);
@@ -101,6 +114,19 @@ void Renderer::resize_render_texture(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
   SDL_WaitForGPUIdle(dev);
   if (render_tex) SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, render_tex);
   if (post_tex) SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, post_tex);
+  if (depth_tex) SDL_ReleaseGPUTexture(dev, depth_tex);
+
+  SDL_GPUTextureCreateInfo depth_info {
+    .type   = SDL_GPU_TEXTURETYPE_2D,
+    .format = SDL_GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_D32_FLOAT,
+    .usage  = SDL_GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_TARGET | SDL_GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_SAMPLER,
+    .width  = w,
+    .height = h,
+    .layer_count_or_depth = 1,
+    .num_levels = 1,
+  };
+
+  depth_tex = SDL_CreateGPUTexture(dev, &depth_info);
   render_tex = create_render_texture(dev, win, w, h);
   post_tex = create_render_texture(dev, win, w, h);
   render_w = w;
@@ -117,8 +143,17 @@ void Renderer::pass_scene(SDL_GPUCommandBuffer* cmd, const CameraUBO& ubo) {
     .load_op     = SDL_GPU_LOADOP_CLEAR,
     .store_op    = SDL_GPU_STOREOP_STORE,
   };
+  
+  SDL_GPUDepthStencilTargetInfo depth_tgt {
+    .texture          = depth_tex,
+    .clear_depth      = 1.0f,
+    .load_op          = SDL_GPU_LOADOP_CLEAR,
+    .store_op         = SDL_GPU_STOREOP_STORE,
+    .stencil_load_op  = SDL_GPU_LOADOP_DONT_CARE,
+    .stencil_store_op = SDL_GPU_STOREOP_STORE,
+  };
 
-  SDL_GPURenderPass* pass = SDL_BeginGPURenderPass(cmd, &tgt, 1, NULL);
+  SDL_GPURenderPass* pass = SDL_BeginGPURenderPass(cmd, &tgt, 1, &depth_tgt);
   SDL_BindGPUGraphicsPipeline(pass, scene.pipeline);
   SDL_GPUBufferBinding binding { .buffer = vert_buff, .offset = 0 };
   SDL_BindGPUVertexBuffers(pass, 0, &binding, 1);
@@ -137,8 +172,11 @@ void Renderer::pass_blit(SDL_GPUCommandBuffer* cmd, const CameraUBO& ubo) {
 
   SDL_GPURenderPass* pass = SDL_BeginGPURenderPass(cmd, &tgt, 1, NULL);
   SDL_BindGPUGraphicsPipeline(pass, blit.pipeline);
-  SDL_GPUTextureSamplerBinding tex { .texture = render_tex, .sampler = render_sampler };
+  SDL_GPUTextureSamplerBinding texs[2] = {
-  SDL_BindGPUFragmentSamplers(pass, 0, &tex, 1);
+    { .texture = render_tex, .sampler = render_sampler },
+    { .texture = depth_tex, .sampler = depth_sampler },
+  };
+  SDL_BindGPUFragmentSamplers(pass, 0, texs, 2);
   SDL_DrawGPUPrimitives(pass, 3, 1, 0, 0);
   SDL_EndGPURenderPass(pass);
 }

src/renderer.h

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ struct Renderer {
   SDL_GPUBuffer*  vert_buff      = nullptr;
   SDL_GPUTexture* render_tex     = nullptr;
   SDL_GPUTexture* post_tex       = nullptr;
+  SDL_GPUTexture* depth_tex      = nullptr;
   SDL_GPUSampler* render_sampler = nullptr;
+  SDL_GPUSampler* depth_sampler  = nullptr;
   uint32_t        render_w = 0, render_h = 0;
 
   std::vector<Vertex> vertices;

src/types.h

@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ struct Vertex {
 };
 
 struct CameraUBO {
-  mat4  model;
+  mat4 model;
-  mat4  view;
+  mat4 view;
-  mat4  proj;
+  mat4 proj;
-  float time;
+  mat4 inv_view;
-};
+  mat4 inv_proj;
+  vec4 time;
+  vec4 cam_pos;
+};