Added class to handle allocation and creation of Buffers and Image, as well as Timers.

No memory leaks detected yet.
(Fingers crossed).

Memory/Buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <Memory/Buffer.hpp>
+#include <Memory/Memory.hpp>
+
+Buffer::Buffer(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::DeviceSize sz, vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags mem_flags, vk::SharingMode sharing) : dev(dev), size(sz) {
+	auto info = vk::BufferCreateInfo {
+		.size = sz,
+		.usage = usage,
+		.sharingMode = sharing,
+	};
+	buffer = dev.createBuffer(info);
+
+	auto reqs = dev.getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer);
+	auto alloc_info = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo{
+		.allocationSize = reqs.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = mem::choose_heap(phys_dev, reqs, mem_flags),
+	};
+	memory = dev.allocateMemory(alloc_info);
+}
+
+void Buffer::map(const uint8_t* data, vk::DeviceSize size) {
+	auto p = dev.mapMemory(memory, 0, size);
+	std::memcpy(p, data, size);
+	dev.unmapMemory(memory);
+}
+
+Buffer::~Buffer() {
+	dev.freeMemory(memory);
+	dev.destroyBuffer(buffer);
+}
+

Memory/Buffer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define VULKAN_HPP_NO_STRUCT_CONSTRUCTORS
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+struct Buffer {
+	Buffer(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::DeviceSize sz, vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags mem_flags, vk::SharingMode sharing = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive);
+
+	vk::DeviceSize size;
+	vk::Device dev;
+	vk::DeviceMemory memory;
+	vk::Buffer buffer;
+
+	void map(const uint8_t* data, vk::DeviceSize size);
+	inline void map(const uint8_t* data) {
+		map(data, size);
+	}
+	inline void map(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+		map(data.data(), size);
+	}
+
+	operator vk::Buffer& () {
+		return buffer;
+	}
+
+	~Buffer();
+};

Memory/Image.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include <Memory/Image.hpp>
+#include <Memory/Memory.hpp>
+
+
+Image::Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::Image _image, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags) : dev(dev), image(_image) {
+
+	auto reqs = dev.getImageMemoryRequirements(image);
+
+	auto alloc = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo{
+		.allocationSize = reqs.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = mem::choose_heap(phys_dev, reqs, memory_flags),
+	};
+	memory = dev.allocateMemory(alloc);
+	dev.bindImageMemory(image, memory, 0);
+
+}
+
+Image::Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::ImageCreateInfo info, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags) : dev(dev) {
+	image = dev.createImage(info);
+
+	*this = Image(phys_dev, dev, image, memory_flags);
+}
+
+Image::Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::Extent3D extent, vk::Format format, vk::ImageTiling tiling, vk::ImageUsageFlags usage, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags) : dev(dev) {
+	auto info = vk::ImageCreateInfo{
+		.imageType = vk::ImageType::e2D,
+		.format = format,
+		.extent = extent,
+		.mipLevels = 1,
+		.arrayLayers = 1,
+		.samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
+		.tiling = tiling,
+		.usage = usage,
+		.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive,
+		.initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+	};
+
+	*this = Image(phys_dev, dev, info, memory_flags);
+}
+
+void Image::cleanup() {
+	dev.destroyImage(image);
+	dev.freeMemory(memory);
+}

Memory/Image.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define VULKAN_HPP_NO_STRUCT_CONSTRUCTORS
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+#include <util/log.hpp>
+
+struct Image {
+	vk::Device dev;
+	vk::Extent3D extent;
+	vk::Format format;
+	vk::Image image;
+	vk::DeviceMemory memory;
+
+	Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::Image image, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags);
+	Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::ImageCreateInfo info, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags);
+	Image(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, vk::Extent3D extent, vk::Format format, vk::ImageTiling, vk::ImageUsageFlags usage, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_flags);
+
+	void cleanup();
+};

Renderer/CommandBuffer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <Renderer/CommandBuffer.hpp>
 #include <Renderer/Pipeline.hpp>
 
+#include <Memory/Buffer.hpp>
+#include <Memory/Image.hpp>
 
 #include <util/log.hpp>
 
@@ -32,8 +34,27 @@ void CommandBuffer::begin() {
 	command_buffer.begin(begin_info);
 }
 
-void CommandBuffer::copy(vk::Buffer in, vk::Buffer out, vk::ArrayProxy<const vk::BufferCopy> regions) {
+void CommandBuffer::copy(vk::Buffer src, vk::Buffer dst, vk::ArrayProxy<const vk::BufferCopy> regions) {
-	command_buffer.copyBuffer(in, out, regions);
+	command_buffer.copyBuffer(src, dst, regions);
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::copy(Buffer& src, Image& dst, vk::ImageLayout layout) {
+	auto region = vk::BufferImageCopy{
+		.bufferOffset = 0,
+		/* RowLength and ImageHeight are automatically set to imageExtent dimensions if set to 0 */
+		.bufferRowLength = 0,
+		.bufferImageHeight = 0,
+		.imageSubresource = {
+			.aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+			.mipLevel = 0,
+			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.layerCount = 0,
+		},
+		.imageOffset = { 0, 0, 0 },
+		.imageExtent = dst.extent,
+	};
+
+	command_buffer.copyBufferToImage(src, dst.image, layout, region);
 }
 
 void CommandBuffer::bind(const GraphicsPipeline& pipeline) {

Renderer/CommandBuffer.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <util/int.hpp>
 
+
+struct Buffer;
+struct Image;
 struct GraphicsPipeline;
 struct ComputePipeline;
 
@@ -18,6 +21,8 @@ struct CommandBuffer {
 
 	/* copy between buffer */
 	void copy(vk::Buffer in, vk::Buffer out, vk::ArrayProxy<const vk::BufferCopy> regions);
+	/* copy buffer to image */
+	void copy(Buffer& in, Image& out, vk::ImageLayout layout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal);
 
 	void bind(const GraphicsPipeline& pipeline);
 	void bind(const ComputePipeline& pipeline);

Renderer/Pipeline.cpp

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#include <Renderer/Pipeline.hpp>
-
-#include <Renderer/Shader.hpp>
-
-ComputePipeline::ComputePipeline(vk::Device dev, const Shader& shader) {
-	auto shader_info = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
-		.stage = vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute,
-		.module = shader,
-		.pName = "main",
-	};
-
-	auto layout = vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo {
-
-	};
-
-	auto create_info = vk::ComputePipelineCreateInfo {
-		.stage = shader_info,
-	};
-}

Renderer/Renderer.cpp

@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@
 
 #include <Memory/Memory.hpp>
 
+#include <util/Timer.hpp>
 
 using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 Renderer::Renderer(Window& win) : win(win) {
 	/* Create Instance object */
 	auto app_info = vk::ApplicationInfo {
-		.pApplicationName = "Pl<EFBFBD>ascach Demo",
+		.pApplicationName = "Pléascach Demo",
 		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
-		.pEngineName = "Pl<EFBFBD>ascach",
+		.pEngineName = "Pléascach",
 		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
 		.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_1,
 	};
@@ -162,7 +163,6 @@ Renderer::Renderer(Window& win) : win(win) {
 }
 
 void Renderer::draw() {
-	Log::debug("draw() called \n");
 
 	if(dev.waitForFences(render_fence, true, UINT64_MAX) != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
 		Log::error("Failed to wait for fences in draw()\n");
@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ void Renderer::draw() {
 }
 
 void Renderer::present() {
-	Log::debug("present() called \n");
 	auto present_info = vk::PresentInfoKHR{
 		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
 		.pWaitSemaphores = &render_wait_semaphore,

Renderer/Swapchain.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include <Window/Window.hpp>
 
 #include <Memory/Memory.hpp>
+#include <Memory/Image.hpp>
 
 #include <util/log.hpp>
 
@@ -66,38 +67,11 @@ void Swapchain::create(vk::SwapchainKHR old_swapchain) {
 
 	images = dev.getSwapchainImagesKHR(swapchain);
 
-	auto depth_image_info = vk::ImageCreateInfo{
+	depth_image = std::make_unique<Image>(phys_dev, dev, vk::Extent3D { extent.width, extent.height, 1 }, vk::Format::eD16Unorm,
-	.imageType = vk::ImageType::e2D,
+		vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal, vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-	.format = vk::Format::eD16Unorm,
-	.extent = {
-		.width = extent.width,
-		.height = extent.height,
-		.depth = 1,
-	},
-	.mipLevels = 1,
-	.arrayLayers = 1,
-	.samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
-	.usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment,
-	.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive,
-	.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
-	.pQueueFamilyIndices = NULL,
-	.initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
-	};
-
-	depth_image = dev.createImage(depth_image_info);
-
-	auto depth_mem_reqs = dev.getImageMemoryRequirements(depth_image);
-
-	auto depth_alloc_info = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo{
-		.allocationSize = depth_mem_reqs.size,
-		.memoryTypeIndex = mem::choose_heap(phys_dev, depth_mem_reqs, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal),
-	};
-
-	depth_alloc = dev.allocateMemory(depth_alloc_info);
-	dev.bindImageMemory(depth_image, depth_alloc, 0);
 
 	auto depth_view_info = vk::ImageViewCreateInfo {
-		.image = depth_image,
+		.image = depth_image->image,
 		.viewType = vk::ImageViewType::e2D,
 		.format = vk::Format::eD16Unorm,
 		.components = {
@@ -152,7 +126,6 @@ void Swapchain::create(vk::SwapchainKHR old_swapchain) {
 		
 		framebuffers[i] = dev.createFramebuffer(framebuffer_info);
 	}
-
 }
 
 
@@ -172,8 +145,7 @@ void Swapchain::cleanup() {
 		dev.destroyImageView(view);
 
 	dev.destroyImageView(depth_image_view);
-	dev.destroyImage(depth_image);
+	depth_image->cleanup();
-	dev.freeMemory(depth_alloc);
 }
 
 Swapchain::~Swapchain() {

Renderer/Swapchain.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <Renderer/RenderPass.hpp>
 
 struct Window;
+struct Image;
 
 struct Swapchain {
 	Swapchain(Window& win, vk::Device dev, vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, const vk::SurfaceKHR& surface, RenderPass render_pass);
@@ -34,9 +35,8 @@ struct Swapchain {
 	std::vector<vk::ImageView> views;
 	std::vector<vk::Framebuffer> framebuffers;
 
-	vk::Image depth_image;
+	std::unique_ptr<Image> depth_image;
 	vk::ImageView depth_image_view;
-	vk::DeviceMemory depth_alloc;
 
 	vk::Format format;
 

Resources/Texture.cpp

@@ -1,46 +1,34 @@
 #include <Resources/Texture.hpp>
+#include <Memory/Buffer.hpp>
 #include <Memory/Memory.hpp>
 
+#include <Renderer/CommandBuffer.hpp>
+
 #include <util/file.hpp>
 
 #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
 #include <stb_image.h>
 
 
-Texture::Texture(vk::Device dev, vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, const std::string& fname) {
+Texture::Texture(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, CommandBuffer command_buffer, const std::string& fname) {
+	int n_channels;
 	vk::Extent3D extent;
-	auto image_data = stbi_load(fname.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<int*>(&extent.width), reinterpret_cast<int*>(&extent.height), NULL, NULL);
+
+	auto image_data = stbi_load(fname.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<int*>(&extent.width), reinterpret_cast<int*>(&extent.height), &n_channels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
 	extent.depth = 1;
 
-	auto image_info = vk::ImageCreateInfo{
+	image = std::make_unique<Image>(phys_dev, dev, extent, vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb,
-		.imageType = vk::ImageType::e2D,
+									vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal, vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
-		.format = vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm,
+									vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
-		.extent = extent,
-		.mipLevels = 1,
-		.arrayLayers = 1,
-		.samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
-		.tiling = vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal,
-		.usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
-		.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive,
-		.initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
-	};
 
-	image = dev.createImage(image_info);
+	vk::DeviceSize sz = extent.width * extent.height * sizeof(uint32_t);
 
-	auto reqs = dev.getImageMemoryRequirements(image);
+	/* staging buffer to hold image data from the CPU */
+	Buffer staging(phys_dev, dev, sz,  vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc,
+		vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
 
+	staging.map(image_data);
+	stbi_image_free(image_data);
 
-	auto image_alloc_info = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo{
+	command_buffer.copy(staging, *image);
-		.allocationSize = reqs.size,
-		.memoryTypeIndex = mem::choose_heap(phys_dev, reqs, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible),
-	};
-
-	image_alloc = dev.allocateMemory(image_alloc_info);
-	dev.bindImageMemory(image, image_alloc, 0);
-
-	/* TODO: Copy memory into image using buffers */
-}
-
-void Texture::cleanup(vk::Device dev) {
-	dev.freeMemory(image_alloc);
 }

Resources/Texture.hpp

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 #define VULKAN_HPP_NO_STRUCT_CONSTRUCTORS
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
 
+#include <Memory/Image.hpp>
+
+struct CommandBuffer;
+
 struct Texture {
-	vk::Image image;
+	std::unique_ptr<Image> image;
-	vk::DeviceMemory image_alloc;
+	Texture(vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, vk::Device dev, CommandBuffer command_buffer, const std::string& fname);
-	Texture(vk::Device dev, vk::PhysicalDevice phys_dev, const std::string& fname);
-	void cleanup(vk::Device dev);
 };

pléascach.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include <Renderer/Renderer.hpp>
 
 #include <util/log.hpp>
+#include <util/Timer.hpp>
+
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 		Renderer ren(win);
 
 		while (!in->shouldClose()) {
+			Timer frame_timer;
 			in->poll();
 
 			while (in->queue.size()) {
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 
 			ren.draw();
 			ren.present();
+			Log::debug("Frame: %lf milliseconds (60fps ~ 16.67)\n", frame_timer.stop());
 		}
 
 	} catch (const std::string& e) {

util/Timer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+/* get the time in milliseconds */
+struct Timer {
+	std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> start_time, end_time;
+	bool running = false;
+
+
+	Timer() {
+		start();
+	}
+
+	inline void start() {
+		start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+		running = true;
+	}
+
+	inline void reset() {
+		start();
+	}
+
+	inline double read() {
+		if (running) {
+			auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+			return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start_time).count() / 1000.0;
+		}
+
+		return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_time - start_time).count() / 1000.0;
+	}
+
+	inline double stop() {
+		end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+		running = false;
+		return read();
+	}
+};

util/log.hpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Log {
 		return static_cast<MessageLevelBit>(static_cast<uint32_t>(a) | static_cast<uint32_t>(b));
 	}
 
-	static const MessageLevelBit log_mask = ERROR | INFO;
+	static const MessageLevelBit log_mask = ERROR | INFO | DEBUG;
 
 	template<typename ...Args>
 	static void print(MessageLevelBit level, const std::string& fmt, Args... args) {